1.2 Subject
Title : SAFETY
IN ENGINEERING-I
DETAILED
CONTENTS : SUBJECT 1.2
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Marks
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Hours
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CHAPTER-1
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1.1 Machine
Operation and Guarding :
Principles
in machine guarding. Ergonomics of machine guarding. Type of guards, their
design and selection. Guarding of different types of machinery including
special precautions for wood working, paper, rubber and printing machinery,
machine, tools etc. Built-in-safety devices, maintenance and
repairs of guards, incidental safety devices and tools.
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5
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7
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CHAPTER-2
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2.1 Safety
in the use of Machines :
Safety
in the use of 1) power presses (all types), 2) shearing, 3) bending, 4)
rolling, 5) drawing, 6) turning, 7) boring, 8) milling, shaping, 9) planning
broaching, planting, 10) grinding, 11) CNCS.
2.2 Need for
selection and care of cutting tools.
2.3 Preventive
maintenance, periodic checks for safe operation.
2.4 Associated
hazards and their prevention.
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7
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CHAPTER-3
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3.1 Material
Handling and Storage of
Materials :
3.1.1 Manual
:
Kinetics
of manual handling. Maximum loads that could be
carried. Lifting and carrying of objects of different shapes, size
and weight. Safe use of accessories for manual handling. Storage of
materials. Safety in stacking and unstacking, floor loading
conditions. Layout condition for safety in storage,
ergonomics of manual handling and storage.
3.1.2 Mechanical :
Lifting
machinery, lifts and hoists; safety aspects in design and construction,
testing, use and care, signaling, inspection and maintenance. Safety in
design and construction, operation, inspection and maintenance of industrial
trucks, lifting tackles and loose gears, conveyors. Safety features, safe
locations, testing, inspection and maintenance of lifting tackles, safe
working load for all mechanical material handling equipment. The competent
persons in relation to safety legislation - duties and responsibilities.
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8
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CHAPTER-4
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Working at Different Levels
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4.1 Working at
Heights :
Incidence
of accidents. Safety features associated with design, construction and use of
stairways, ramps, working platforms, gangway, ladders of different types,
scaffolds of different types including Boatswain's chair and safety harness
working on roofs. Other safety requirements while working at heights.
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4.2 Working in
Confined Spaces
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7
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4.3 Working
Underground
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7
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CHAPTER-5
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5.1 Hand
Tools and Power Tools :
Main causes
of accidents, prevention and
control of accidents. Centralised and personal tool
issues System. Purchase, storage and supply of tools. Inspection, maintenance
and repair of tools. Detectable causes of tool failures. Tempering, safe end
in and dressing of certain tool. Safe
use of various types of hand tools used for metal
cutting, wood cutting, miscellaneous cutting work, other hand tools such as
torsion tools, shock tools, non-sparking tools. Portable power tools and
their selection, inspection, maintenance, repair and safe use.
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7
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CHAPTER-6
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6.1 Plant
Design and Housekeeping :
Plant
layout, design and safe distance. Need for planning and follow-up. Safety and
good house-keeping. Typical accidents due to poor
house-keeping. Disposal of scrap and other trade wastes.
Prevention of spillage. Marking of aisles space and other locations. Use of colour as
an aid for good housekeeping. Housekeeping contest. Cleaning
methods. Employee assignment. Inspections and check-lists. Benefits of good
housekeeping. Role of preventive maintenance in safety and health. Importance
of standards and codes of practice for plant and equipment.
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7
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CHAPTER-7
PRACTICE
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7.1 Industrial
Lighting & Illumination :
Purpose
of lighting. Benefits of good illumination. Phenomenon of lighting and
safety. Lighting and the work. Sources and types of artificial lighting.
Principles of good illumination. Recommended optimum standards of
illumination. Design of lighting installation. Maintenance.
Standards relating to lighting and color.
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7
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Measurement of Illumination
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Photometer level
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CHAPTER-8
PRACTICE
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8.1 Ventilation
and Heat Stress :
Purpose
of ventilation. Physiology of heat regulation. Thermal environment
and its measurement. Thermal comfort. Indices of heat
stress. Thermal limits for comfort, efficiency and freedom from
health risk. Natural ventilation. Mechanical ventilation. Air conditioning.
Control of heat exposures at source, dilution and local ventilation.
Recommended values for air changes required for various areas as per
Factories Act, 1948 and National Standards. IS:3103-1975-Code of practice for
Industrial Ventilation, National Building Code Part VIII, Building Services.
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Measurement of Ventilation
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(a) Measurement of thermal
(i) Dry Bulb Temperature
(ii) Wet Bulb Temperature
(b) Determination of relative humidity and effective
corrective temperature.
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1) Aspirator
Hygrometer Parameters.
2) Kata-Thermometer
3) Globe Thermometer.
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CHAPTER-9
PRACTICE
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9.1 Noise
and Vibration :
Continued
and impulse noise. The effect of noise on man. Measurement and
evaluation of noise. Noise isolation. Noise absorption
techniques, silencers. Practical aspects of control of noise.
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Noise Level Measurement
(a) Measurement of Sound pressure level
in dBA and db linear.
(b) Frequency analysis of noise.
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1) Sound Level Meter
2) Octave filter set
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CHAPTER-10
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10.1 Electrical
Hazards
10.1.1 Hazards of electrical
energy. Safe limits of amperages, voltages. Safe
distance from lines. Capacity and protection of conductor. Joints and
connections. Means of cutting off power. Overload and short
circuit protection. No load protection. Earth fault protection. Earth
insulation and continuity tests. Earthing Standards. Protection
against surge and voltage fluctuation.
10.1.2 Hazards arising
out of 'borrowed' neutrals. Others precautions. Types of
protection for electrical equipment in hazardous atmosphere. Electrical area
classification. Criteria in their selection, installation, maintenance and
use.
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CHAPTER-11
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11.1 Static
Electricity :
Introduction,
Electro-Static charging - where charging can occur contact electrification.
Electro Static discharges (sparks) . Electro Static hazards and their
control. Earthing and bonding.
Recommended earthingresistance for control of electricity.
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CHAPTER-12
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12.1 Lightning
Arrestors :
Definition,
lightning splash, lightning strokes, lightning protection
systems. Characterisation of health effects
of lightning stroke (electrical effects, side flashers, thermal
effects, mechanical effects. Function of lightning. Where
lightning protection is required – System design, material of construction,
component of a lightning arrestors, earth terminal / network.
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CHAPTER-13
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13.1 Safety Check list for
buying new machinery for the plant.
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